Tuesday, June 28, 2016

Jazz & Me - Part 3 - McCoy Tyner

Isa and I got married on a beach in a small town in eastern Venezuela in 2005. We did the whole thing on the cheap largely because we did almost everything ourselves – from sewing the tablecloths and writing the ceremony to figuring out the menu and choosing the music. I spent a day with my brothers burning CDs (that’s right), including one with a selection of jazz. This was long before I began this informal study of jazz, but two of those songs were by my now-modal-hero McCoy Tyner. The first was this one, called Contemplation:






The song wanders within the space of a single harmony. To me these sounds somehow evoke exactly the idea of contemplation.  It’s the deep, bassy left hand playing that became his inimitable style and one of my favorite aspects of his sound.

Listen to McCoy’s playing about a minute and a half into the song, starting around here.




This is based on simple harmonies known as fourths, an interval that doesn’t particularly express a lot of joy or sadness but leaves a lot of creative ambiguity. Listen to the same song about a minute later. 


This is the sound that keeps coming back to the Gregorian chant I talked about before. By the end of the clip, you can hear that McCoy is doing all kinds of intense soloing in the upper register, but it still comes back to the crashing fourths in the bass. McCoy’s sound is recognized for “voicing” chords in fourths, which basically means he strips the harmonies down to their simplest components and allows the treble to create whatever mood he wants to evoke.

One of the most influential jazz pianists of the 20th century, McCoy was a mainstay of John Coltrane’s rhythm section who would go on to create a unique style of playing that is still popular today.

Here’s a song called Effendi from the Inception album that made it onto my wedding list


This is primarily based on two harmonies that are used in much the same way as the previous example.

Music that sits on one or two harmonies might readily be passed off as … boring? After all, the word “drone” is generally not used as a complement. The following excerpt is an example of why this doesn’t get boring


The music is still floating above the same harmony. But McCoy is creating dissonance – intentionally playing notes that don’t line up with what’s going on underneath.  

Listen to him do the same thing on his song Reaching Fourth:


For years this music sounded to me as if it were a set of constantly shifting harmonies and that McCoy, somehow, had managed to steer me through it by creating a “magnetic north” with his left hand. I actually had to sit down and look at the lead sheets for these songs to understand what was actually going on: McCoy led me to believe that the song had embarked on a vast harmonic journey when, in fact, the song hadn’t strayed far from its own living room. 

This, as it turns out, was precisely one of the innovations of modal jazz. For years, jazz musicians had accompanied complex chord changes by playing notes that were “in key” with the harmonies of the song. Rather than building songs on repeated chord changes, modal jazz stuck with a limited set of chords and allowed the soloists to play along with them or stray further away.

I traced McCoy’s solo recordings from his first album, Inception, through his recordings of the early 1970s. Reaching Fourth, Today and Tomorrow, and The Real McCoy are my favorite albums that encompass his classic sound so well. His 1968 album Time for Tyner replaces piano for vibraphones and shows him experimenting with African sounds, which he manages to do while maintaining his modal genius. By the early 1970s his music had come to focus on mixing jazz with African folk music, a different take on “fusion” than his contemporaries, who had taken jazz in the direction of rock.

Albums of the era:                  
Inception, 1962

Sideman performances of the era:
                                                Goin’ up, Freddie Hubbard,1960
                                                A Love Supreme, John Coltrane, 1964
                                                Inner Urge, Joe Henderson 1964

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